Sagot :
Réponse:
WWI changes the way artists see war. It quickly goes from elation to denunciation of violence and barbarism.
Before, art was used to celebrate courage, patriotism and self-sacrifice through the use of illustrious heroes like those of the Iliad. In fact, war has inspired artists of all times, through all periods. This inspiration is due to the fact that works that deal with war were often commissions, and were used to show in a good light a government or a man.
When war broke out in 1914, the artists - writers, painters, sculptors, musicians - were massively mobilized, and even voluntarily enlisted, as they were carried by the patriotic impulse. This is why we have a lot of works where they tell, paint, draw what they experience and see, which leaves us with authentic testimonies.
Each, in their own way, try to represent the brutality of the fighting, the pain of women and children left to themselves, the fear of death but also, sometimes, a certain fascination in the face of this modern and total war.
For these men, it is necessary to show the horror of war. Those engaged in patriotic exaltation express their disillusionment by mentioning the absurdity and cruelty of the fighting. Those who seek to publish their testimony during the war, for their part, are faced with censorship, as the government does not wish to see the spread of a pacifist and anti-militarist spirit.
Indeed, censorship developped during the First World War, to minimize losses and hide what happened during battles to avoid mutinies.
This is why, many works were published after the war and not while it lasted.
One good example of this is Voyage au bout de la nuit, 1932 Louis-Ferdinand Céline.
Of many works which denounce the brutality of the war, we can mention The war of SEverini published in 1914 or works of otto ten, such as The war or self-portrait of a soldier.