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Regina was founded in 1882 when Canadian Pacific built a transcontinental railway line through the region. A law for the settlement of pioneers encouraged them to come to this area where they could buy 160 half-hectares (65 hectares) of land for ten dollars. The town was originally known as "the Bone Pile" because of the large quantities of bison bones in the area4. The hamlet of Tas d'Os was renamed Regina in 1882 (Latin for queen) by Princess Louise, wife of the Governor General of Canada, in honor of her mother, Queen Victoria, then British monarch. The Réginois (in English: Reginans) often call their city Queen City or "Queen's City".
In 1883, Regina was chosen as the new capital of the Northwest Territories instead of Battleford, because of its proximity to the railroad. Because the Lieutenant Governor of the Northwest Territories, Edgar Dewdney, owned a significant amount of land adjacent to the railway line, the decision was controversial5. Regina remained the territorial capital until 1905 when Saskatchewan became a province. On December 1, 1883, Regina was officially erected as a town. The city's first mayor, David Scott, was elected on January 10, 1884.
It was to Regina that Louis Riel was brought after being defeated by government forces during the North West Rebellion. Riel was found guilty of treason and hanged on November 16, 1885. The trial of Louis Riel is re-enacted every summer by local actors.
From 1892 to 1920, Regina was the headquarters of the North West Mounted Police (future Royal Canadian Mounted Police) and remains its headquarters and police training site for Western Canada to this day. The traditional Royal Canadian Mounted Police Musical Ride demonstration takes place there every summer.
With a population of over 3,000, Regina was incorporated as a city on June 19, 1903 with Jacob W. Smith as its first mayor. Saskatchewan became a province on September 1, 1905. Regina was officially declared the capital on May 23, 1906. In 1908, the first city hall was completed on the present site of the Regina Galleria in the center of the city while construction of the The province's legislative buildings began beside Wascana Lake.
On June 30, 1912, a tornado devastated the city, killing twenty-eight people, injuring hundreds and destroying more than 400 buildings. The damage was estimated at five million dollars; the repairs lasted more than two years. Among the rescuers was Boris Karloff, then on theatrical tour, who later became a horror movie star6.
In July 1933, a group of farmers, workers and social organizations met in Regina to form the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation or CCF. In 1944, the Saskatchewan CCF formed the first socialist government in North America and provided Canada's first example of a publicly funded health care system. The CCF (later New Democratic Party, NDP) model of health care was later adopted across Canada.
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