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Cleaning Plastic From the Oceans
speakeasy-news.com/cleaning-plastic-from-the-oceans/
Plastic pollution, particularly in the oceans, has been in the news a lot recently, with
governments, institutions and big business calling and pledging to reduce the use of
disposable, single-use plastics. But a young Dutchman has been fighting for eight years
to tackle the other end of the problem: removing existing plastic from the sea. And his
mission has just taken an enormous step towards becoming reality.
Boyan Slat, now 24, first encountered plastic pollution on a holiday in Greece when he
was 16. When diving, he encountered more plastic bags than fish. Slat has an enquiring
mind and he started thinking how the plastic pollution could be removed from the marine
environment.
When he looked into the problem, he discovered the giant gyres that accumulate vast
quantities of the eight million tonnes of plastic that enter the ocean every year according
to United Nations estimates. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch, the biggest, is situated
between Hawaii and California and has a surface area three time the size of metropolitan
France.
Slat imagined a system that could float on the ocean and collect the plastic, using only
the power of the ocean currents.
It started as a high-school science project but Slat had a much bigger vision. By 2013,
aged 18, he had designed a prototype and started a non-profit-making organisation, The
Ocean Cleanup. He soon dropped out of a degree course in aerospace engineering to
focus on the cleanup full time.
From the outset, he was determined to be as rigorously scientific as possible. One of the
first issues Ocean Cleanup tackled was the lack of reliable data on the problem. Studies
of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch showed that it was mainly made up of small
fragments of plastic. This is particularly dangerous for the ecosystem and ultimately
humans. But Slat and the organisation's 60 engineers had a hunch that previous testing
methods missed the larger pieces of plastic.
In 2015, Ocean Cleanup launched the Mega Expedition: 30 ships dragging bigger nets
than had been used before, crossed the Patch at the same time. The following year, they
added to data by doing aerial surveys. Their findings were published in March 2018 in the
journal Scientific Reports. They found that of the 1.8 trillion pieces of plastic, weighing
80.000 tonnes that make up the GPGP, 92% of the mass is represented by larger objects;
while only 8% of the mass is contained in microplastics (pieces smaller than 5 mm in
size).
They had been refining and testing the system for year. On 8 September 2018, they launched System 001 from San Fransisco for a two-week trial. It was succesful, and the system set off on 3 October for the GPGP. It is hoped that after six months, the team can start shipping plastic away for disposal or recycling. The fleet of systems would then be increased to 60. Ocean Cleanup calculates that that would allow them to clean up 50% of the plastic in the garbage patch in five years.