Bonjour
Le past perfect est un temps qui s'emploie pour une action passée antérieure à celle énoncée au prétérit.
-->past simple ----> prétérit ----> présent
Had (have au prétérit) + participe passé
a- In the 1880s drinking tea had become fashionable in high society and it continued after that.
b- The British didn't try to talk to the Emperor because they had tried before.
c- Robert had already shaved his head when he started working as a spy.
d Juliet had visited the best tearooms in London when she discovered a new one in 2017.
e- Yesterday I didn't want another cup of tea because I had already had two.
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Bonne fin de soirée