Bonjour !
Disons que ce nombre est x.
(5+x) / (4+x) = 2 * (5/4)
<=> (5+x) / (4+x) = 10/4
<=> (5+x) / (4+x) - 10/4 = 0
<=> 4*(5+x) / 4*(4+x) - 10*(4+x)/4*(4+x) = 0
<=> (20 + 4x) / 4*(4+x) - (40 + 10x) /4*(4+x) = 0
<=> (20 + 4x - 40 - 10x) /4*(4+x) = 0
<=> 20 + 4x - 40 - 10x = 0
<=> -20 -6x = 0
<=> -6x = 20
<=> x = 20/(-6) = 10/(-3)
Voilà !