Sagot :
Réponse :
Malcolm Little was born on May 19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska. He is the seventh child in the family. Little Malcolm's childhood was difficult: his father was murdered by a white supremacist organization close to the Ku Klux Klan in appalling conditions (he was pushed under a tramway, his body was cut in half). His mother, extremely marked by the brutal death of her husband, had a nervous breakdown a few years later, in 1939, and was interned in a psychiatric hospital. Her eight children were separated and sent to various foster homes and orphanages.
Malcolm Little spent a short time in prison because he committed a burglary. When he is released from prison in 1952, Malcolm will have completely changed, he will become Malcolm X because he considers his former name as a slave name, he will convert and become an activist of the organization Nation of Islam (called Black Muslins in the press) He is appreciated for his qualities as a speaker and quickly becomes the spokesman of the organization. He preached black separatism and defended the idea of the creation of an independent black republic within the United States.
In March 1964, no longer getting along with Elijah Muhammad, the leader of the organisation Malcolm X leaves Nation of Islam, which is only a religious and not a political movement. He converts to Sunni Orthodox Islam and founds his own religious organization, The Muslim mosque inc. He rejects the integration of blacks and refuses to condemn the violence of the oppressed. In April 1964, he made a pilgrimage to Mecca and on his return he condemned the anti-white racism of Nation of Islam and founded the Organization for Afro-American Unity, a non-religious political movement, making the unity of all blacks his priority.
Upon his return to the United States, his relations with the "Nation of Islam" continued to deteriorate. He would be considered a man to be shot. After several assassination attempts against him, he no longer travels without bodyguards. On 14 February 1965, an arson attack destroyed his house but caused no casualties. On 21 February, as he was about to give a speech in the village hall of Audubon, New York, three armed men, all presumed members of the "Nation of Islam", approached the dais and fired 15 shots, leaving Malcolm X no chance. He was pronounced dead on his way to the hospital.
