1) soient x et y les deux nombres considérés.
(x - y)^2 + 4 xy = x^2 + y^2 - 2xy + 4 xy = x^2 + y^2 + 2xy = (x + y)^2
2) 2 * (x^2 + y^2) - (x + y)^2 = 2 x^2 + 2 y^2 - x^2 - y^2 - 2 xy = x^2 + y^2 - 2 xy = (x - y)^2.
3) (x^2 - y^2)/(x + y) = ((x - y)(x + y))/(x +y) = x - y