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felt that they were privileged to have been born in Egypt. All
other lands, they thought, were cold and dark, and the people
who lived in them more akin to animals than to human
beings (§3)
It was the Ancient Egyptians' feelings and beliefs about
the Pharaoh that provided the strongest unifying force of all.
In Sumer, the king of each city was thought to be the chief
servant of the city's god. The Egyptian idea of kingship went
further than this. They thought that their king was himself
a living god, a divine ruler who had magic control over
the weather and the Nile, and who alone brought safety,
prosperity and happiness to the nation. The Pharaoh was
revered to such a degree that his people dared not mention
him by name. They only spoke of the palace in which he
lived. That is why they called him Pharaoh, which means
'great house' (§4)
When we realize how much the Pharaoh meant to the
Egyptians, it is easier to understand how the pyramids came
to be built. Since he was a god, he could not be allowed to die.
It was believed that his spirit would survive only if his body
were preserved, together with everything that was needed for
its future well-being. The pyramids, therefore, were designed
as eternal dwelling places for the god-kings from where the
dead Pharaohs would continue their magic work for their
'beloved land' (§5)