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The origin of poverty in East End dates back to the mid eighteenth century, when the
population of London began to grow at an unprecedented rate. It caused a high demand
for cheap housing. London slums arose initially as a result of rapid population growth
and industrialization. They became notorious for overcrowding, unsanitary and squalid
living conditions. Most well-off Victorians were ignorant or pretended to be ignorant of
the subhuman slum life, and many, who heard about it, believed that the slums were the
outcome of laziness, sin and vice of the lower classes. However, a number of socially
conscious writers, social investigators, moral reformers, preachers and journalists, who
sought solution to this urban malady in the second half of the nineteenth century, argued
convincingly that the growth of slums was caused by poverty, unemployment, social
exclusion and homelessness.

1. The origin of poverty in East End dates back to:
 the 1650s  the 1750s  the 1850s
2. Justify your answer by quoting from the text.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
3. What happened to the population of London?
 it became smaller  it didn’t change  it became bigger
4. According to the article, what may have caused this phenomenon and the
development of slums?
 policy of encouraging birth-rate  heavy immigration
 growing desire to have children  industrialization


5. What did this phenomenon cause?
 migration to the countryside  ban on entering the city
 higher demand for inexpensive housing  birth control
6. Justify your answer by quoting from the text.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
7. Most rich Londoners at the time thought that East Enders were:
 happy and comfortable  lazy and sinful
 hard workers  content with their fate
8. Justify your answer by quoting from the text.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
9. A number of conscious writers argued that one of the reasons why slums developed
in East End was:
 extreme weather conditions  rising inflation
 collapse of the pound sterling  people couldn’t find a job
10. Justify your answer by quoting one word from the text.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...


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